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論文名 |
現状と問題点；大阪府松原市の場合（要援護老人を支えるネットワーク作り）
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| 著者名 |
石神文子
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雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
10
(
1
)
：
4-19，
1988
|
| 抄録 |
The process of building a support system and organizations for aged people with psychiatric or physical problems in Matsubara City where the author has been working for 5 years as Mental Health Consultant is reported here.
Four main facilities involved in this support system held conferences periodically to discuss ways of helping the elderly. They made efforts to develop and enrich their activities to implement their discussions.
The effects of networking were remarkable in Matsubara City, families can get suitable support for present situations promptly in all facilities. They are encouraged to take care of their aged members at their homes.
Our future task is to promote the formation of administrative policies which may adopt and make our practice public policy.
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論文名 |
公衆衛生の観点から（要援護老人を支えるネットワーク作り）
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| 著者名 |
多田羅浩三
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雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
10
(
1
)
：
20-29，
1988
|
| 抄録 |
The number of frail elderly people is rapidly increasing. Organization of network support systems is needed for the effective delivery of services through the cooperation of a number of different agencies in the community.
A survey of the Japanese government in 1981 showed that 5.7% of the elderly (defined as aged 60 or over) in Japan and 41.3% of those in the US live alone. Some 41.0% of the elderly in Japan and 0.9% in the US live with their sons. There is a large difference in the structure of the family for elderly persons between the two countries.
Another government report showed that in 1920, the Taisho era, men married at a mean age of 25 years, retired when 60, and died when 61.5；wives were a mean age of 57.5 years at the time of their husbands' death and died, on the average, 3.5 years later. However in 1985, husbands lived about 16 years after retirement, and wives lived about 7.7 years after their husbands' deaths.
The traditional family structure in Japan still reflects the average life span in the past. Now, if the elderly in Japan depend on their sons for 16 years after retirement, many problems occur for both gerations. The answer to these difficulties is for the elderly to be as autonomous as possible after retirement.
The network system established in the communities today should be not a patchwork of uncoordinated services；it should be designed to aid the growth of autonomy in the daily life of elderly persons.
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論文名 |
社会福祉の観点から（要援護老人を支えるネットワーク作り）
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| 著者名 |
白澤政和
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雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
10
(
1
)
：
30-41，
1988
|
| 抄録 |
There are some experiments to network the social resources for dependent populations by trial and error in the municipalities. The purpose of this article is explain the concept of "network" for the dependent elderly and to discuss how to develop the networking practically in the community from the perspective of social work practice.
Implications of networking the social resources have mainly two functions. The first one is the coordinating the social resources within community for individual dependent elderly or his/her family. Another function is to organize the social welfare agencies and associations which supply social resources for clients within the community. These social resources are divided into two parties, which are formal services and informal supports. Formal services supplys by the central of local governments, social welfare juridical person, and enterprise. And informal support are offered by families, relatives, neibourhood, friends or associate, and volunteers. There are often arisen the conflicts among the social resources in coordinating on organizaing them.
From the perspective of social work practice, networking are developed parallel with case management for the dependent elderly and community organization for social welfare agencies and associations. To establish the highest quality of networking, we need to creat the case conference by the practitioners related with helped persons and case committee by the representatives of social agencies and associations within the communities.
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論文名 |
農村三世代家族における世代間の認識の一致・不一致
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| 著者名 |
佐野志津子
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雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
10
(
1
)
：
42-59，
1988
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| 抄録 |
The purpose of this study is to reveal whither daughters-in-law and mothers-in-law perceive their relationship as one of agreement or disagreement on such daily activities as ancestor worship, association with relatives or neighbors, housework, upbringing, makeup, etc.
The data used in this paper are the results of 1986 and 1987 surveys in Asahina-district of Okabe-cho, a mountain village in Shizuoka Prefecture. The village has been by industrialization and modernization since the period of high economic growth in the sixties. The sample consists of 115 families (in 1986) and 15 families (in 1987) in which both G1-mothers (mothers-in-law) and G2-wives (daughters-in-law) responded.
The main results are as follows：
1. G2-wives felt there was more disagreement on all 15 items of daily life than did G1-mothers.
2. In the items on which the differences of "agreement" between G1-mothers and G2-wives were small, more G2-wives showed a tendency to conform to G1-mothers' attitudes, though they disagreed. On the contrary, in the items on which the differences were large, more G2-wives tended to maintain their own opinions.
3. As to the degree of "agreement" between G1-mothers and G2-wives in the same family, the gap between G1-mothers and G2-wives tended to be small in the items which were related to the conduct of the household. However, it tended to be wide in the items which were related to individual conduct.
4. Generally the degree of "agreement" in the same family was high when they kept a traditional life-style in which both G1-mothers and G2-wives were engaged in farming and their family budget was not separated.
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論文名 |
老夫婦の社会福祉サービス利用を規定する要因；サービス利用と子への援助期待との関連を中心に
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| 著者名 |
高橋正人
|
雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
10
(
1
)
：
60-74，
1988
|
| 抄録 |
The purpose of this study is to find out the factors influencing the current and future utilization of social welfare services in the case of elderly couples.
Research finding indicate that the utilization of social welfare services was considerably influenced by the future expectation of some support from their first son and their attitude toward the social service system. The main reason that the elderly couples do not expect social service was that they put priority on support by their elder son in the future regardless of its likelihood.
It was also found that, even though they answered that they prefer to receive some support from their elder son, the elder couples and their sons do not, in fact, see each other very often.
They also showed disagreement with recent change in social service policy requiring some partial payment from the recipients.
Those findings suggest the necessity for the improvement of the social welfare service system for aged users in case they are unable to receive support from their families.
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論文名 |
「在宅痴呆性老人」の介護者の悩み
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| 著者名 |
岡本多喜子
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雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
10
(
1
)
：
75-90，
1988
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| 抄録 |
The purpose of this study is to consider how the caregivers of mentally confused elderly feel about their current situation as caregivers and to find out needs help provided as a social service toward these caregivers.
In September 1985, an interview was given to 236 caregivers who were taking care of mentally confused elderly at home. The average age of the elderly was 81.2 years old while the majority of the caregivers' ages were 60 years old and over.
It was found that the care of those elderly was highly dependent on their kinship ties, since many of the caregivers (48%) were the patient's daughter-in-law, while 18 percent were their daughters and 17 percent were their spouses.
Twelve questions reflecting the caregiver's feelings were matched with the degree of the elderly person's mental disorder.
Among the answers, three items："feel tired" "do not have enough sleep" "do not have free time", showed correlations with the elder's physical and mental condition at that time. This finding suggests the necessity of improving the current short stay system for the mentally disordered eldery. The caregivers who showed stress in items such as anxiety, suicide and bad temper, expressed their hope for the institutionalization or the hospitalization of their patients, and the improvement of the current short stay system.
These findings suggest some necessity for the exploration of social services for those caregivers in order to make their life more comfortable.
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論文名 |
老人デイケア施設における現状と問題点；デイサービス施設における施設・利用者の特性と痴呆性老人の処遇状況に関する考察
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| 著者名 |
大原一興,丸山晋,大塚俊男
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雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
10
(
1
)
：
91-101，
1988
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| 抄録 |
The authers surveyed 100 Day-Service facilities for the aged throughout Japan by sending out multiple-choice questionnaires. The response rate was 62%.
We observed as follows：
1) Day-Service activity has been taking root in the community little by little compared to a former study (1981).
2) In a former study, we observed the polarization of the facilities' attitude for accepting the demented：one was eager to accept the demented and the other was not. This time, we found more of a mixed type consisting of the former two types.
3) The attitude of acceptance of the demented had improved somewhat.
4) Many of the programs had set up optional programs for the demented.
5) Between Hospital Care and Home Care, the activities of the Day-Service facilities in increased demand.
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論文名 |
若年者，中年者との比較における高年者のself-concept
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| 著者名 |
川崎友嗣
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雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
10
(
1
)
：
102-119，
1988
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| 抄録 |
The purpose of this study was to examine the features of self-concept in older people as compared with young adults and middle-aged people. A rating scale of 60 items was made for the measurement of self-concept. Respondents were 160 young adults (aged 18 to 24), 189 middle-aged (aged 30 to 59) and 245 older people (aged 62 to 98). A total of 245 older people composed two sub-groups, one institutionalized (123 persons) and one not institutionalized (122 persons). Factor analyses were carried out separately by groups.
The main findings were as follows：
(1) In each group the emotional aspect seemed to be the most important aspect of self-concept. Emotional stability was highest in older people.
(2) The interpersonal dimension was more important in young adults and middle-aged people, and the bodily dimension was more important in older people.
(3) The factor structures of three groups were not same. It seems that some factors differentiate and some new factors emerge with the development of the ago.
(4) As a result of quantitative comparison of common factors, it seems that self-concepts in older people are not necessarily negative.
(5) There were some differences by sex, age and residence condition in older people, and these variables were rearly all independent.
(6) Residence condition was the most powerful of these variables, but the psychological meaning of this is not clear. So further research of this point is needed.
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論文名 |
中高年の「仕事」「家庭」｢余暇・社会活動｣の満足度；尺度の作成と検討
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| 著者名 |
佐藤真一,井上勝也,長田由紀子,矢冨直美,岡本多喜子,巻田ふき,林洋一
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雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
10
(
1
)
：
120-137，
1988
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| 抄録 |
Because the subjective well-being of the aged should be explored in terms of changes from middle age, 1,537 men and women were subjects (Ss) with an range from 50 to 79 years old. We measured the degree of satisfaction of their everyday lives by three new satisfaction scales, corresponding to three living domains, "job", "family" and "leisure and/or social activities".
Main results were as follows：
(1) Age changes. Ss were divided into three age groups (50's, 60's and 70's age groups), and aged changes of satisfaction scores were examined. The results showed that all the scores became significantly higher with aging, especially the score of "family" satisfaction.
(2) Gender differences. In the pressures of "job" and "family" satisfaction, scores of males Ss were significantly higher than those of female Ss, but the opposite result was found in the measures of "leisure and/or social activities" satisfaction.
(3) Effects of behavioral types. The "active" type Ss showed significantly higher scores than the "disengaged" type Ss in the measures of "job" and "leisure and/or social activities" satisfaction, on the scale of "family" satisfaction, however, the effect of behavioral types wasn't significant.
(4) Effects of interpersonal types. The "affiliated" type Ss showed significantly higher scores than the "independent" type Ss in all satisfaction scores.
(5) Relations between the abstract feelings of life satisfaction and particular satisfaction scores. The abstract feelings of life satisfaction corresponding to living domains correlated higher (0.466-0.702) with satisfaction scores resulting from definite behaviors than those corresponding to behavioral and interpersonal types (0.220-0.426).
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論文名 |
老人の役割意識と性格に関する研究
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| 著者名 |
内藤桂津雄,長嶋紀一,石原治,下垣光
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雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
10
(
1
)
：
138-151，
1988
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| 抄録 |
The present research had two purposes. The first was to investigate what kind of role expectations elderly people have. The second was to investigate the relationship between elderly people's role expectations and their personality. The sample comprised 235 normal elderly people (104 males and 131 females) living at home. The inventory of role expectations consisted of six categories of items：their attitude toward aging and expectations for their family doctors, their families, the community, other elderly people, and themselves. Personality was examined by the SPI. It classified the sample into six types：syntonic, immodithymic, nervous, hysteric, viscous and autistic type.
The results in the investigation of role expectation showed that the sample tended to expect much hospitality from their doctors and families and to report a positive attitude toward them. The sample also seemed to maintain a positive attitude toward other elderly people and the community. However, half of them seldom talked about their private problems or asked for any help from other elderly people or the community.
The findings of the SPI revealed that most of the sample were classified into syntonic, immodithymic, nervous and/or viscous types. Further, there was a relationship between their role expectations and personality such that the sample who were categorized as nervous, autistic or nonsyntonic tended to be discontent with what other people did for them.
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論文名 |
老人病院における痴呆の医療相談
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| 著者名 |
松沢信彦,大川節,菱村将隆,長尾桂子,竹中星郎
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雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
10
(
1
)
：
152-162，
1988
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| 抄録 |
At Yokufu-kai Geriatric Hospital, we examined and discussed the practice of medical consultations for the families of senile dementia patients during the two years from October, 1985 to November, 1987. The total number of consultations was 169, and the number of male and female patients were 61 and 108, respectively. The average age of the patients was 77.7. There were 28 cases without dementia (17% of the total cases).
Supporting and advising families who care for patients at home, these medical consultations carried out an important role. They were valued by the families of the patients. Therefore, they will be increased, including not only medical consultations but also medical expert advise on appropriate medical social needs.
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論文名 |
健康度自己評価に関する追跡的研究
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| 著者名 |
芳賀博,上野満雄,永井晴美,須山靖男,安村誠司,柴田博,松崎俊久,古谷野亘
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雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
10
(
1
)
：
163-174，
1988
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| 抄録 |
The present study is based on a 5-year follow-up survey of elderly community residents. The purpose of the present study is to observe changes of self-rated health with advancing age and to verify the contribution of self-rated health to survivorship.
Subjects were 836 elderly residents living at home in Koganei City, a suburb of Tokyo. They participated in a survey initiated in 1981 when they were aged 69 to 71 years. They were followed up in 1986, 5 years later. Out of 836 subjects, 622 (74.4%) responded to the follow-up survey. Seventy-eight died during the 5-years period.
The results obtained were as follows：
(1) The rate of those who rated their health as good declined significantly between the inception (88.3%) and the follow-up (78.3%).
(2) The percentage of those who rated their health as good in both inception and follow-up surveys was 72.8% of the 622 subjects.
(3) The longitudinal decline of good health self-rating was not different between males and females.
(4) Poor health self-rating was a significant predictor of mortality during the 5 years.
(5) The contribution of self-rated health to mortality disappeared when objective health status controlled.
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論文名 |
脳卒中後遺症患者のADLとリハビリ訓練
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| 著者名 |
新開省二,日野精二,渡辺孟,黒河桂香,広瀬昌博,鳥居順子,渡辺修一郎
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雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
10
(
1
)
：
175-190，
1988
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| 抄録 |
We carried out a follow-up study of postapoplectic patients after discharge from first hospitalization, and examined what percent of patients continued rehabilitation, whether or not the rehabilitation improved their ADL (activities of daily living) and what interrupted continuation of rehabilitation.
1. About 50% of 43 postapoplectic patients continued the rehabilitation at the hospital or at their homes after discharge. However, only a few patients joined public rehabilitation programmes.
2. Hospital rehabilitation actually contributed to the improvement of the ADL of the patients. On the other hand, rehabilitation at home alone did not improve their ADL. The most effective was the hospital rehabilitation followed by home rehabilitation after discharge.
3. Possible reasons that half of the patients were not able to continue rehabilitation after discharge were as follows：inadequate emphasis on post-hospital rehabilitation by hospital staff, heavy economic burden on the patients. and poor aid from the local government.
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論文名 |
痴呆老人電話相談の拡がりの過程
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| 著者名 |
河畠修
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雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
10
(
1
)
：
191-209，
1988
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| 抄録 |
In 1982, volunteers (persons experienced in having the aged suffering from senility in their families) played a central role in opening the call-in counseling desk for senile people problems. After 6 years, the movement has expanded to 85 places throughout country. Organizations supporting the movement include the Association of Nursing Families, homes for senile aged people, medical institutions, volunteer organizations, nursing societies, the Council of Social Welfare, and local governments.
In the course of expansion, floods of information on senile aged people have been propagated through various media. Counselees have sufficient knowledge but frequently cannot organize their knowledge properly and specifically, finding it difficult to cope with their own problems. The counselor facilities are not evenly distributed in Japan. Where volunteers work in the movement, and public organizations such as Health, Medical, and Social Welfare give helping hands, the results of the movement have been substantiated. Problems awaiting solution now are the opening of call-in counselor facilities in all key regions, securing vigorous support from the government in goods, money, and personnel, giving training to counselors, and strengthening horizontal cooperation and communication among leadership all over the country.
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論文名 |
痴呆，ねたきり，独居老人の処遇に関する一般市民の意識，ニーズ調査
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| 著者名 |
明石満里子,原田正文,大国美智子,乾正
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雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
10
(
1
)
：
210-226，
1988
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| 抄録 |
The purpose of this study is to make clear the attitudes and needs of citizens about this aging society. We sent a questionnaire to 1000 persons and got 718 answers, which were analyzed as follows：
1. About 90% of 718 persons want to live at their own home, so long as they are health in their old age.
2. When they become old, 45％ of them want to live alone at their home, 36% of them hope to live with their family, and 6% hope to enter a home for the aged.
3. If they become bedridden or mentally disordered, about 50% of them hope to live at their own home, depending on various public services.
4. Conversely, if other members of their family become mentally or physically disordered aged, about 82% of them want to take care of the aged at their home.
5. What they need in taking care of the aged at their home are mainly (1) cooperation of their family, (2) sufficient household finances, and (3) prompt medical treatment when necessary (about 22-23% each).
6. People do not know much about present public services. Therefore, proper and effective measures must be taken to make them widely known.
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論文名 |
老人ホーム入所者の生活満足度に関連する要因について
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| 著者名 |
新野直明,川上憲人,森本兼曩,小泉明
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雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
10
(
1
)
：
227-233，
1988
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| 抄録 |
The purpose of this study was to investigate various factors affecting life satisfaction among the elderly with good health and poor health. The respondents were 30 elderly (8 males and 22 females) living in a Home for the Aged. The major finding was that good relationships with their families was significantly associated with life satisfaction, particularly in cases of elderly with poor health.
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論文名 |
特別養護老人ホームにおける5年間の動態および生存期間別ADLの状況
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| 著者名 |
金川克子,川島和代,前川弘美
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雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
10
(
1
)
：
234-246，
1988
|
| 抄録 |
The purpose of this study is to consider the problem of health and nursing care in a nursing home by examining the movement and ADL of the institutionalized elderly over five years.
A follow-up study was carried out from April, 1982 to March 1987 retrospectively.
The results were as follows.
1) At the time of a five-year follow-up study, 53.2% of 361 subjects had died (the dead group), 39.9% still remained in the nursing home (the residing group) and 6.9% had been moved to other environments within the five years.
2) The dead group had a higher mean age than the residing group at the first year of the study period.
3) Pneumonia was the most frequent cause of death in all ages.
4) Those who died within one year had higher age and needed more help for ADL (excretion, movement, bathing, changing of clothes, cleaning, hearing, understanding, etc.) than other groups.
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論文名 |
現行の特別養護老人ホームで「痴呆性老人」を処遇する場合の諸問題について
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| 著者名 |
高塩洋
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雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
10
(
1
)
：
247-259，
1988
|
| 抄録 |
1. Because of the Ministry of Health and Welfare's new policy, Special Nursing Homes for the Aged (SNHA) have been required to treat aged people suffering from dementia since 1984. This report will examine problems with regard to the treatment of dementia cases at SNHA's.
2. Issue of the judgement standard regarding admittance to an ANHA
(1) There is no definition of "aged people suffering from dementia."
(2) Admittance to an SNHA is judged without any neuropsychiatric diagnosis being made by a doctor.
(3) The exceptional clause stipulating "the aged who needs medical treatment should be excluded from admittance to an SNHA" is incompatible with the judgement standard stipulation "An SNHA must admit severe or moderate cases" because of the nature of dementia.
3. Lega issue
(1) There is a question："Is 'mental illness' provided in the Mental Health law the same as severe mental impairment' provided in the Law for the Welfare of the Aged?"
(2) It is questionable that the judgement standard regarding admittance to an SNHA is consistent with Mental Health law when we think about the application order of the Laws. People who meet the judgement standard also meet the admittance requirement of the Mental Health law.
(3) Because the Law for the Welfare of the Aged doesn't have a special clause which restricts individual action, an SNHA doesn't have the legal authority to restrict the action of aged people suffering from dementia in order to treat them.
4. Issue regarding facility requirements for SNHA's
It is inappropriate to have SNHA's treat or moderate dementia cases in current facilities from the psychiatric point of view.
5. Many kinds of facilities should be established according to the degree of severity of the dementia and the incidence of complications in order to give propes psychiatric treatment to the aged people suffering from dementia.
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