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論文名 |
高齢者の社会参加とその関連要因
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| 著者名 |
松岡英子
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雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
14
：
15-23，
1992
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| 抄録 |
The purpose of the present study is to explore the factors influencing social activities of the Japanese elderly.
The sample consisted of 1500 individuals, aged 60 and over, randomly selected from the electoral list of Nagano prefecture；92.7% of them (1391 individuals ： 642 males and 749 females) agreed to participate. The chi-square test, t-test, correlational analysis, and multiple regression analysis were performed.
The results of analysis indicated three significant correlates of social participation："health status","skill, knowledge, or qualifications", and"number of friends or intimate neighbors". Those elderly in good health, having skills, knowledge, or qualifications, and having many friends or intimate neighbors, were clearly more likely to participate social activities.
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論文名 |
在宅中高年の食品摂取パタンとその関連要因
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| 著者名 |
熊谷修,柴田博,須山靖男
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雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
14
：
24-33，
1992
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| 抄録 |
Factors relating to patterns of food intake were investigated in citizens of Toda City, ranging in age from 40 to 79 years. The subjects were 983 men and 1,958 women who underwent the multiphagic health examination carried out by the Toda Municipal Health Care Center.
Patterns of food intake was examined according to a factor analysis of data on intake frequency, for 15 food items. Three factors were extracted, with the first being the intake of vegetable foods. Sex (→male), exercise (→absence), smoking (→current), and spouse (→absence) were significantly and inversely related to this. In the case of the second factor, intake of staple foods, sex (→male), level of education (→ low), and exercise (→absence) were associated with the intake of rice, salty vegetables, and miso soup, whereas spouse (→absence) was associated with the intake of bread. For the third factor, intake of meat, sex( →male),Level of education(→low),exercise(→absence), and drinking (→current) had significantly inverse effects.
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論文名 |
老研式活動能力指標の交差妥当性；因子構造の不変性と予測的妥当性
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| 著者名 |
古谷野亘,柴田博
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雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
14
：
34-42，
1992
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| 抄録 |
The cross-validity of the TMIG Index of Competence was tested, in terms of construct validity and predictive validity, with two representative samples of elderly community residents. The first sample consisted of 6776 elderly residents, aged 65 years and older, in Koganei City in the Tokyo metropolis, while the second sample consisted of 3776 residents, aged 65 years and older, in Fujimi City, Saitama Prefecture.
The cross-validation in terms of construct validity was performed with a simultaneous factor analysis, with equality constraints for all parameters. The model used in this analysis was a second-order factor model originally developed and tested in the Koganei sample. The results of analysis showed an invariability of factor structure across the samples, and confirmed a cross-validity of the index in terms of construct validity.
The predictive validity was tested with logistic regression analyses, utilizing one-year mortality as the criterion variable, performed separately for the Koganei and Fujimi samples. The results showed an strong association between the total score of index and mortality both in the Koganei and Fujimi samples, and the observed strength of the association was identical between the samples. The results confirmed a cross-validity of the index in terms of predictive validity.
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論文名 |
主観的尺度に基づく心理的な側面を中心としたQOL評価表作成の試み
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| 著者名 |
石原治,内藤佳津雄,長嶋紀一
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雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
14
：
43-51，
1992
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| 抄録 |
The purpose of this study was to develop a "quality of life (QOL) index" for the elderly. The subjects were 545 physically healthy and 324 frail elderly people. The items for the QOL index, used for subjective measures of dimension, were life satisfaction, agitation, hopes in life, vitality, independence, leisure activities, social status and relationships with others.
A separate factor analysis was carried out for each group, covering the four factors "present life satisfaction","interests, vitality and sense of purpose","psychological stability", and"self-control".
Then, items for the QOL index were selected. First,"present life satisfaction"and"psychological stability"were selected because they showed up strongly in both groups. Second, although"interests, vitality and hopes"could be obtained in both roups, the items for the two groups were slightly different. It was thought that "energy for living"seemed to be a common factor for both groups, Finally, three factors--"present life satisfaction","psychological stability" and "energy for living"- were abopted for comparison and twelve items, four for each of the three factors, were selected.
The mean scores were calculated for each of the three scales for both groups separately. It was found that, though the mean scores for"present life satisfaction"did not differ between the two groups, the mean scores on both"psychological stability"and"energy for living"differed significantly. It can be thought that these scores are affected by physical symptoms.
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論文名 |
文章と絵画による記憶テストの作成；高齢者を対象とした記憶トレーニングの効果測定尺度の開発
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| 著者名 |
佐藤眞一,下仲順子,中里克治,河合千恵子,長田由紀子,成田健一,菊池安子
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雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
14
：
52-62，
1992
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| 抄録 |
This study was conducted to develop memory tests which could measure the effects of memory training on the elderly. Three of the six tests involved were measured by cued recall tasks composed of stories, while the others were of pictures. These memory tests were intended to become reliable measures of everyday memory. The subjects of this study were 204 healthy elderly who were residents of homes for the aged, which charge either moderate or no fees. The main results were as follows：
1）All picture tests were more difficult to recall than the story tests, and there were significant differences among the three story tests.
2）All memory tests seemed to have high internal consistency because of sufficiently high Chronbach's alphas.
3）While picture test results were correlated with age, story test results were correlated with education. As all of the tests were more highly correlated with general intelligence scores than simple memory tasks(such as digit span), they can be thought to reflect everyday memory.
4）Both the story tests and picture tests seemed to have high internal homogeneity because of significantly high correlations among the tests.
5）The results of multiple regression analyses indicated that the total score for the three story tests was significantly influenced by the factors of age, education, life events and interpersonal relations. The total score for the three picture tests was significantly influenced by the factors of age, sex, residence, life events and interpersonal relations.
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論文名 |
老年期におけるソーシャル・サポートの授受；別居家族との関係の検討
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| 著者名 |
河合千恵子,下仲順子
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雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
14
：
63-72，
1992
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| 抄録 |
This study examined exchanges of social support between the elderly (N＝534) and family members live separately (their children, children's spouses, and/or grand-children). The types of support were categorized as instrumental (such as household chores), financial and emotional.
The results were as follows：
(1)Exchanges were significantly correlated between the elderly and their children regarding all three types of support. However, exchanges in only emotional support were significantly correlated between the elderly and their childern's spouses, and between the elderly and their grandchildren.
(2)The elderly returned the same types of support as well as different types. For example, some exchanged instrumental support for financial support.
(3)The older the subjects, the more role reversal was observed. Role reversal in instrumental and financial support was found between the elderly and their children, while that in financial supports was found between the elderly and their children's spouses and/or grandchildren.
(4)A sex difference was found in emotional support between the elderly and their children； that is, elderly women received more support than they provided, while there was no such difference in the case of elderly men.
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論文名 |
高齢期における配偶者との死別と孤独感；死別後経過年数別にみた関連要因
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| 著者名 |
岡村清子
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雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
14
：
73-81，
1992
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| 抄録 |
The purpose of the present study is to observe the correlates of loneliness among bereaved men and women with different lengths of time after their bereavement. A total 265 persons living in Tokyo were screened and interviewed. The subjects were calssified into two groups；Group A consisted of 145 men and women, aged 55 and over, who had experienced bereavement 12 to 18 months before the interview；Group B consisted of 120 men and women, aged 60 and over, who had that experience 3 to 4 years before.
The mean level of loneliness, measured by a Japanese version of the UCLA Loneliness Scales, was not different between two groups. Social support and voluntary association participation were significantly related to loneliness in both groups. However, health status, and perceived difficulty in economic conditions and household chores were significantly related to loneliness in Group A but not in Group B. Significant two-way interactions of gender with health status and perceived difficulty in household chores were found only in Group A；the effects of these variables were more salient in men than in women.
The results suggest that the passage of time after bereavement might reduce the effects of situational factors upon loneliness, and that isolation from significant others might cause more problems for men than for women, especially in the earlier stages after bereavement.
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論文名 |
老人介護スタッフにおける職場の組織的特性のストレス緩衝効果
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| 著者名 |
矢冨直美,中谷陽明,巻田ふき
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雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
14
：
82-92，
1992
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| 抄録 |
This study was conducted in order to examine the buffering effects of organizational characteristics of nursing homes on the relationship between stressors and stress symptoms of professional caregivers. The subjects were 518 caregiver staff members at nursing home facilities. The perceived organizational characteristics were measured as personal coping resources, the care policy of the institution, system of supervision, educational opportunities, and participation in decision making. Frequencies of five stressors were measured, i.e., conflict with supervisor, caregiving work overload, conflict with residents, clerical work overload, and conflict with coworkers. Emotional distress and somatic symptoms were assessed as stress symptoms. The analysis of covariance was performed to identify the buffering effects. The age, sex and position of the subjects was assigned to a covariate in the analysis. The results showed significant effects of the organizational characteristics on the stress symptoms, with no significant interactional effects, in twenty-three of forty analyses. However, five analyses revealed the same pattern of interactional effects of the stressor and organizational resources, which suggested that under high stressor conditions, the stress symptom level is so high that it can not be influenced by beneficial resources anymore, even though organizational resources are effective under somewhat lower stressor conditions. The implications of these results for organizational stress management in nursing home facilities are also discussed.
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